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NON-SURGICAL, COST-EFFICIENT INTERVENTION FOR TOE WALKING
Serial casting is a non-invasive conservative method used to improve joint range of motion for a variety of diagnoses (toe walking, cerebral palsy, arthrogryposis, spina bifida, club foot, traumatic and acquired brain injuries, muscular dystrophy, etc.).
The goal of Westside’s serial casting program is to achieve long-term results for our children that will sustain them through adulthood. We never forget that a kid is a kid by ensuring therapy is inviting and safe for all of our patients. Our expectation: life-changing results.
Toe walking is when a child walks around on the balls of their feet with no contact between their heel and the ground.
Toe walking that occurs over a long period of a child’s development can lead to severe stiffness of the muscles in the foot and the ankle. At this point, serial casting is needed to correct the condition. Surgery is often the only alternative to serial casting, and the costs, pain, and rehab timeline can be significantly higher than the process of using non-invasive serial casting. Also, surgery only addresses the primary problem while serial casting focuses on the whole foot. Serial casting is a way to avoid the risks and costs of surgical intervention and at the same time maximize medical outcomes for your child.
Casts are typically changed weekly and a prolonged and progressive stretch occurs until the child reaches the desired range of motion.
Children are encouraged to stay active while wearing their casts, unlike with a broken bone where immobility is encouraged.
The casts are also applied so a child is comfortable while wearing them, other than the slight added weight of the cast.
How long your child will wear the casts is dependent on the severity of the stiffness of the joint, the range lost and age (an older child has likely developed longer-lasting habits, allowing the joints to sit in non-desirable positions).
An approximate gain can be between 2 degrees-8 degrees over the course of 4 weeks-6 months.
If you are interested in serial casting for your child, your therapist will be able to give you an individualized estimate.
Serial casting appointments consist of:
Children will have their casts changed weekly. Once the casts are removed, there will be time to wash feet, clip toenails, etc.
Photos, measurements, and videos will be taken to track progress. A video will be taken post casting to monitor the child’s walk.
Your child can bring activities to keep them entertained while they are casted for approximately one hour per cast (2 hours for both feet). Children can bring iPads, coloring books, homework, etc.
Children should also wear loose-fitting pants so they can be rolled up.
Serial casting should be started earlier for children to prevent difficulties adjusting later on in life. Read more about the reasons why an early start is suggested.
The casting process first entails weekly cast changes on the involved ankle(s). Each of these visits will be minimally 1 hour per foot. If both feet are being casted, expect at least 2 hours of appointment time per week. That is just the first part, though. After the casting has helped the child regain the ankle range, the muscular strength and the habitual brain patterns need to be reworked to achieve normal walking. Otherwise, old habits return. The second part involves at least two to three years of walking in AFOs to keep their heel down while they are re-training their brain and muscles. Depending on the compliance of the child, this timeline can be extended.
Following casting, AFOs should be worn during daytime hours for a timeframe of two to three years. Night splints are worn during nighttime. Therapists will guide families if this standard protocol should change.
The casts are off, time to wear AFOs and night splints
An AFO is worn to maintain proper alignment and control motion. Children must wear these during the day to achieve maximum results.
The AFO will hold the feet at a 90-degree ankle angle and the night splints will hold them approximately 20-plus degrees beyond that. Night splints are worn to sleep in, and help to keep the muscles in an elongated stretch. Our therapists say that AFOs should be worn 23 out of 24 hours.
The AFOs and night splints can come off after about two to three years, but that is dependent on a few things:
Children that are out of their AFOs and night splints the fastest often have high motivation, as does their family. A child that loses range will not be able to wear AFOs anymore and progress has been lost.
In order to get out of braces, your child has to be able to keep their center of mass (pelvis) back and lead with their feet. A main cause of toe walking is a child’s center of mass is too far forward and in order for them to keep up with their body, a child has to walk on their toes.
The toughest part of the process is to break the habit of toe walking. It can be easy to do the “doctor walk” (heel-toe-heel-toe), but the most important walk is the casual walk while they walk back to the car or walking and talking with friends. A child that is ready to be out can walk heel-toe without thinking.
After getting used to the additional weight and awkwardness of the cast, your child should be able to everything that he/she was doing without the cast. In fact, we encourage your child to be as active as possible. Keep the cast from getting wet, and wear a sock over the front to keep the casts clean.
The cost depends on your insurance plan. Please give us a call at (815) 469-1500 and ask for our billing team. We can confirm your benefits and give you a good-faith estimate of your weekly costs for the casting process.
It depends on how much range has been lost in the ankle flexion. The more contracted the ankle is the longer it takes. We can achieve 2-5 degrees of regained ankle bend every week depending on how stiff the ankle is and how old the child is (older children take longer). Based on this, treatment can take as little 3 weeks and as long as 10 months.
It is important to know that an ideal situation would be that a child receives physical therapy. Each family’s insurance varies, but if it allows, our therapists can help develop a therapy plan.
Our therapists want the children to stay active while wearing the casts. Go on walks, stretch, do balance exercises, play games, etc. Continue to be a kid! This will help maximize outcomes.
Children sometimes are able to do more while wearing the casts. It can help a child stand still and even comfortably walk.
Do not get the casts wet.
If AFOs and night splints are removed too early, a child may lose the range they gained while wearing the casts as well as the time in the AFOs and night splints. A child may also begin walking on their toes again.
Think of someone who needs to wear a retainer after getting braces off.
If your child is experiencing itchiness, we recommend placing a fan on them or in extreme cases giving them an anti-histamine.
If any of the following occurs, please reach out to our clinic immediately:
-Child is experiencing pain or not sleeping at night
-Casts get wet
-Casts get broken or cracked